4Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Republic of KoreaĪ 9-month-old, female Pomeranian dog presented with vomiting and lethargy.3IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME, United States.2V Animal Medical Center, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea.1Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Republic of Korea.Salas 3, Myeongsu Kim 4, Jae-ik Han 4, Kichang Lee 1 and Hakyoung Yoon 1 * In many cases the improvement in the patient’s condition substantially outweighs the minor impact of the treatment related side effects leading to an overall improvement in general health despite chemotherapy.So-Hyeon Park 1 †, Jung-Ha Lee 2 †, Elisa N. Nevertheless it is critical that the risk of these effects is addressed and discussed openly prior to the onset of therapy. Other factors influence treatment choice such as accessibility of a specialist centre, cost of therapy, duration of therapy and of course the patient’s own response to the drugs once they have been administered.Ĭhemotherapy induced side effects are usually minor if indeed they are noted at all. The rationale here is that they see a reduced number of cases compared to a veterinary oncologist therefore it is important for optimal familiarity with the disease in question and the possible range of manifestations of tumour and treatment response that every member of staff in the practice is used to using the same treatment plan, otherwise things start to get very confusing and chemotherapy is not a thing to be confused with. Some veterinary practices will very sensibly only offer a single lymphoma protocol. This is not a one-size-fits-all situation. The decision about which treatment plan to choose should be made in conjunction with your veterinary surgeon, whether they are your local vet or your oncology specialist. The CHOP protocols achieve complete remission in a higher percentage of cases and the average life expectancy is improved as a consequence to approximately 11½ months but the risk of unwanted side effects is that little bit greater. The average life expectancy on this treatment to lymphoma in dogs is approximately 6½ months. The COP protocols have a reduced chance of inducing unwanted side effects but carry a reduced probability of inducing a complete remission. They incorporate the three drugs Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine (Oncovin) and Prednisolone, usually called the COP protocol, or the same three plus a drug called doxorubicin (Hydroxydaunorubicin) usually called the CHOP protocol. The principal candidates are described as multidrug chemotherapy protocols. There are countless chemotherapy treatment plans (or protocols) that have been described for the management of canine lymphoma. It is important for the well-being of the patient that complications like this are identified and managed appropriately. Some types of lymphoma are associated with high blood calcium concentrations, hypercalcaemia. These include blood tests and possibly x-rays and ultrasound evaluations. Other evaluations are important to understand the general health of the patient before decisions about chemotherapy are taken. Some alternative, novel therapies are likely to arise for the less common disease presentations and improved outcomes will be seen in the more common subtypes. Classification of canine lymphoma into the different subtypes will allow us to provide more specific treatment and to provide more precise estimates of prognosis.Īt the moment only a few of the more common subtypes have been fully characterised as time passes and more experience is gained this will improve. Further evaluations can be performed including immunocytochemistry and cytomorphological and histomorphological assessments. As alluded to above, this is not always ideal. At the current time, most diagnostic evaluations stop once the diagnosis of lymphoma has been made. This might be a fine needle aspirate biopsy of an enlarged lymph node or other structure or it may be a histopathological examination of a bigger biopsy specimen. Patient Care Assistants and TechniciansĪ diagnosis of lymphoma in dogs is usually made on examination of a pathological specimen.
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